V.K. Agarwal, ITMME Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

 India has large reserves of coal and hence Power generation in India is predominantly based on using coal as the fuel. However, the quality of coal used at the thermal power stations is of poor quality and contains high level of coal ash. At present, the thermal power plants in the country produce close to 120 million t of coal ash. A significant quantity of this ash is used in various activities. Construction sector is one of the major consumers of this ash. Transportation of coal ash within the power plant and to the user’s site presents complex handling requirements. Moreover, the unused quantity has to be safely transported to the ash ponds. This paper considers various handling options for different grades of coal ash, which have been in use at the power stations in India.

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M. Heeley, Y. Kolomiiets

Clyde Bergemann, Doncaster, England, United Kingdom

Environmental regulations demand great efforts from energy utilities to reduce the polluting load from power generation. Till now, many efforts have been dedicated to reduce particularly gaseous emissions. In the same time, the privatised energy markets are demanding ever higher cost-effectiveness and utilisation of ashes produced.

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V.Y. Putilov, I.V. Putilova, MPEI (TU)

Schemes of pneumatic ash removal installations of some thermal power plants in Russia are presented. Estimation of influencing the schemes of pneumatic ash removal installations on integrated economic parameters of ash removal systems of thermal power plants as a whole is executed. Technical requirements for pneumatic ash removal schemes which should meet optimum pneumatic ash removal systems of thermal power plants are developed. Researches are carried out by employees of Informational and Analytical Center «Ecology of Power Engineering» and Boiler Plants and Ecology of Power Engineering Department of Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University).

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S.E. Bankov, Institute f radio electronics of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow

V.N. Zamolodchikov, V.Y. Putilov, V.F. Radchenko, A.V. Khryunov, MPEI(TU)

 Advantages of radar methods for monitoring the filling level in technological tank, especially in case of aggressive environment are marked. Technical characteristics of the introduced level gage of 8-mm wave range, applied in systems with a number of tanks, are resulted. In the paper introduction of radar level gages at several power plants is mentioned. Perspective modifications of level gages with essentially lowered price and application of new programs for microprocessors of digital signal processing are discussed.

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E.E. Osipov, V.Y. Putilov, V.F. Radchenko, A.E. Khanamirov, and A.V. Khryunov, MPEI(TU)

 Advantages of radio wave (radar) signaling devices in comparison with other known instruments for measuring discrete filling levels in technological tanks are presented. An example of realization of radar signal indicator for controlling the level of ash in ESP hoppers at coal-fired TPPs is described. The basic technical characteristics of the developed signal indicators are given. There is information on successful test of the created trial system at Ryazanskaya SDPP and introduction of signaling devices at Oskolskiy metallurgical industrial complex.

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Dependences for calculating pipelines operation overhaul life of installations for pneumatic transport of ash, coal dust and other fine bulk materials for rectilinear horizontal, inclined and vertical, and also curvilinear sections of pipelines are presented. Calculation dependences are developed by employees of Boiler Plants and Ecology of Power Engineering Department of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University). Operation, technological and complex provisions on raise of service life of pneumotransport pipelines are resulted.

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Putilov V.Y., MPEI(TU); Vishnya B.L., UralORGRES

 Internal ash conveying plants are designed for pneumatic ash conveying from ESP hoppers to intermediate hoppers or dry ash silos at shipment of dry ash to customers or for hydraulic ash conveying to the dredging pump station in case of external wet conveying of ash and slag slurry to the disposal site (lagoon). The basic advantages and disadvantages of internal ash conveying plants are resulted further.

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The basic data on erosion in pipelines at pneumatic conveying of ash, coal dust, cement, coke, sand and other fine bulk erosive materials are presented. Major factors are revealed and estimation of their influence on erosion in pneumotransport pipelines is executed. Dependences for calculating erosion in rectilinear (horizontal, inclined and vertical) and curvilinear sections of pipelines are resulted. Error estimation at calculating erosion in pipelines at pneumatic conveying of fine bulk erosive materials is given. The developed dependences are results of experimental and analytical researches carried out by employees of Informational and Analytical Center “Ecology in Power Engineering” and Boiler Plants and Ecology of Power Engineering Department of Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University).

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N.Gavlitin, ZAO “INET - Institute of New Energy Efficiency Technology”, Moscow, Russia

Y. Kolomiiets, Clyde Bergemann Materials Handling Ltd, Doncaster, UK

Thermal power generation is a leading "producer" of anthropogenic emissions in the atmosphere and soil, a major consumer of deficit-valuable natural resources (water and earth).

The combustion of coal in the boiler furnaces produces a significant amount of sulfur and nitrogen oxides and volatile solids constituting the fly ash.

The use of large volumes of water to dispose of the ash and slag and to maintain the appropriate water level of ash disposal pond to settle the slurry and clarify the return water alters the chemical and mineralogical composition of ground water in the area brings the pollution of groundwater and surface.

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R. Jachowicz, G. Wesolowski, G. Janota, Energo-Eko-System Sp. z o.o., Katowice, Poland

 Observations and knowledge of the laws of physics concerning the bases of dust-air flows allowed to develop a technology department involved in pressure conveying of bulk materials on considerable distances.

Recently technical development of pneumatic transport has significantly speeded up due to high qualification of engineers, analyses of the operational experience and its wide industrial application.

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R. Chaudhry, T. Schroeter, Clyde Bergemann Materials Handling Ltd, Doncaster, UK

 Due to various environmental, legislative and water resource constraints there has been a shift from wet to dry ash handling technologies in thermal power plants world over. There are a number of benefits in using dry ash handling, the most prominent being huge reduction in water consumption and significantly lower operational expenditure. This eliminates the need for ash lagoons, water storage, recirculation and treatment systems resulting in lower impact on the environment. Ash obtained from a dry system is also easier to utilise for production of cement, mortars etc.

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A.M. Beloshitskiy, E.N. Ilyin, A.S. Prokopyev, Energohimkomlect ltd, Chelyabinsk, Russia

F.L. Manturov, JSC Chelyabinsk Zink Plant, Chelyabinsk, Russia

 Abrasive wear of pipelines contributes significant share to operating cost of industrial hydro- and pneumatic systems and facilities for transport of abrasive materials (sand, cement, ash, slags and etc.) that, in particular relates to dust preparation and ash and slag removal system of coal-fired TPP. The usage of abrasion-resistant materials in the manufacture of those pipelines is one of the ways to increase their resistance. The comparison of three materials for the manufacturing of abrasion-resistant pipelines - wear-resistant steels, stone casting and corundum aluminothermic coating shows the significant advantage of the latter. Except the best wear resistance, the pipes with aluminothermic coating can be connected by electric welding, that allows making shaped pipelines.

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V.Y. Putilov, I.V. Putilova, A.R. Khasyanshina, National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”, Russia

 In the paper a brief overview of the major technologies for separating dust from dust and gas flows is provided. Various classifications of dust separation devices are described. Main characteristics of devices for purification of dusty air of pneumatic conveying plants and their applications are presented. Brief results of analyzing the applicability of different air dedusting technologies and equipment for installations for pneumatic conveying of ash and coal dust of TPPs and other fine bulk materials are given.

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