J.J. Hycnar, ECOCOAL Consulting Center, Katowice, Poland

 Implementation of fluidized bed technology in utility power plants and CHP plants introduced conditions for effective desulphurization of flue gases and higher efficiencies of thermal processes, allowing at the same time for using also low calorific value waste and biomass besides traditional fuels. Combustion processes occurring in the presence of limestone, at temperatures lower than in pulverized-fuel or layered furnaces, are affecting also the quality of combustion by-products. Resulting FBC ashes differ from the traditional ashes in terms of their chemical and physical properties.